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eoofPRR. APPARATUS PoR RLRVATING WATER.

Patented June 15, 188.6.

(No Model.)

A a .a m a EUR...

UNITED STATES PATENT 0in-ric.

CHARLES V. GOOPEB, BROOKLYN,"NEW YORK.

APPARATUS FOR ELEVVATING WATER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No, 343,568, dated June 15,1886.

Appiiation filed october 17,1285.

.To all whom it may concern.-

of the city of Brooklyn, in the county ofKings and State of New York,have invented a new and useful Improvement in Apparatus for ElevatingWater, of which thev following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of apparatus for raising andforcingwater in which Water put under pressure, either naturally orAartificially, is used as a transmitter of `powerl for raising double thequantity of water, particularly from great depths or distances from thefirst source of power-as, for instance, from deep mines-and theinvention is intended to obviate the use of tightly-fitting cylindersand pistons, or to permit of the arrangement of such cylinders andpistons, if

used, at the top of the mine or other accessi` ble point from whichpower is transmitted,`

and is also intended to obviate the difficulties and expense incident tothe use of expensive and cumberous mechanical connections.

.The invention consists in novel combinations of parts hereinafterdescribed, and pointed out in the claims, including upper and lowermercury-vessels arranged one above another near the bottom of the mineor other locality from which water is to be raised, and connected by amercury pipe or column, a suction-pipe leading to the upper vessel, adischarge-pipe leading from the upper vessel, and a pipe, through whichwater is supplied under pressure, leading to the lower vessel. Enoughmercury is employed to about fill one vessel and the pipe connecting thevessels. When water is supplied under pressure to the lower vessel, themercury therein will be forced into the upper vessel,and will displacethrough the discharge-pipe any water contained therein, and when thelower vessel is relieved of pressure the mercury will return thereintoby grav-y ity, and the space created in the upper vessel by the fall ofthe mercury will lill with water through the suction-pipe.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical section of anapparatus embodying. my invention in its simplest form, a singleactingcylinder and piston to create the working pressure being employed togive an intermittent discharge of water. Fig. 2 is a ver- Serial No.180,149. (No model.)

1 tical section of an apparatusin which a double- Be it known thatLCHARLES W. Coornml acting cylinder and piston operate two reciprocatingwater-columns to obtain acontinuous discharge; and Fig. 3 is a verticalsection of an apparatus, which is operated by a watercolumn'movingcontinuously into the machine to produce the constant discharge ofdouble the volume of water at a height less than that of which theinitial pressure is the equivalent.

Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in theseveral figures.

Referring first to Fig. 1, Ais the cylinder 0f a single-acting forcingpump or ram, of which B is the reciprocating piston, and M thewater-chamber. This ram may be located at any convenient placee-at thetop of a mineshaft, for instance.

C and D are upper and lower chambers or vessels of about equal capacity,which may be located at the bottom of a mine,\for instance. A pipe, E,communicates from the bottom of the chamber C to the bottom of thechamberD. A pipe, F, communicates from the chamber M of the cylinder Ato the top of the chamber D. -A suction-pipe, H, having a footvalve, I,at the bottom, extendsfrom the top ofthe chamber C into the water to bepumped. A pipe, G, extends from the top of-the chamber C to the place ofdischarge, and a valve, J, affords outward communication from thischamber Cinto the pipe G. rIlhe cylinder A is provided with a cock, L,on top, as shown. The chambers C and D should be situated about fromone-eleventh to one-twelfth as far apartvertically as the verticaldistance from the level of water to be pumped upward to the actuatingpump or ram A B. rIhese chambers are connected by a mercury-column thatreciprocates from one chamber to the other through the pipe E, thequantity of mercury being sufficient to nearly fill the pipe E andchamber C, but not enough to ever ilow over into the suction-pipe H.

The operation is as follows: Thechambers M, C, and D and pipes and H aresupposed to be full of water, (except the space occupied by mercury,)and the piston B to be reciproeating back and forth by means of anypower suitably applied. A forward movement of the piston B in thedirection of the arrow forces water down the pipe F` into the cham- IOOber D, thereby causing the mercury therein to liow up the pipe E intothe chamber C. The water upon the mercury in the chamber C is preventedby the foot-valve I from escaping down the suction-pipe H, and is thusnecessarily forced through the valve J into the pipe G, and thence tothe place of discharge. W'hen the reverse motion of the piston B takesplace, (to the right, as here shown,) the chamber M will be enlarged,and the mercury that has j ust previously been forced into the chalnberC will fall into the chamber D, and thus force water from that chamberup the pipe F into the chamber M. At the same time the vacuum formed inthe chamber C by the fall of the mercury will be supplied with waterthrough the suction-pipe H, as in an ordinary piston-pu mp. Upon thenext stroke of the piston B into the chamber M the firstdescribed actionwill be repeated. The cock L is to supply the chamber M with water onthe first start, or whenever it may be necessary. Of course anothersimilar arrangement could be connected to the other chamber, M', of thecylinder A by the pipe F', (shown by dotted lines,) and the dischargepipe G could be used in common by both. This would make this apparatus,taken as a whole, a doubleacting one, having two pipes for theforcingwater and one main pipe for the discharge.

In Fig. 2 is shown a doubleacting apparatus on the same generalprinciple as described in Fig. 1, but where each of the pipes F F' areused to convey the feeding-water and the discharge-water alternately.While one volume is forced down oneof the pipes FF' by the piston B, twovolumes are forced up the other ol those pipes, and then vice versa. Thecylinder A, with its chambers M M', piston B, the chambers C C' D D',connectingpipes E E', with mercury-columns, operate in the same manneras the similar parts in Fig. l. The chambers C C' are surmounted by avalvechest, Cii, with which the suction-pipe H communicates, and inwhich are suction-valves J2 J" and discharge valves J J'. Theoutletvalve J, from the chamber C, permits outward communication fromthat chamber through the dischargepipe G to the pipe F', and a similaroutlet-valve, J', permits similar communication from the chamber C'through the pipe G' to the pipe F. The cylinder A is surmountcd by avalve-chest, A l, from which leads thc final discharge-pipe O.Communication between the two waterchambers M M' and the pipe O iscontrolled by two valves, N N', connected so that when one is closed theother is always open.

The operation is as follows: In the drawings the piston B is shownmoving to the left, and as it began to move the current, starting towardthe discharge O, immediately caused the valve N to close upon its seat.Therefore the water in the chamber M is necessarily forced down the pipeF upon the mercury in the chamber D, and the pressure upon this mercuryforces it upward into the chamber G, thus displacing an equal quantityof water in that chamber, which is thus forced through the valve J,pipes Gand F' into the chamber M'. During the same stroke the mercuryinthe chamber C' falls into D', and thus forces an equal Volume of waterup the pipe F', and at the same time the chamber C' receives water fromthe suction-pipe II, as before described. Thus for each volume of waterthat descends by the pipe F two volumes ascend by the pipe,

F', and while one of these volumes fills the chamber M' the other leavesby the valve N', and represents the net effect of one stroke of themachine. Upon reversing the stroke the corresponding effects will beproduced in each of the corresponding opposite chambers.

In Fig. 1 the duty of the falling mercurycolumn being to draw Waterintothe chamber C, and also to forceit into the vacuum formed when thepiston B is enlarging the chamber M in the cylinder A, the height of themercury column should be proportioned to that duty.

In Fig. 2 the duty of the mercury-columns is to draw water intothemachiue and force it through the cylinder A, up the pipe O, to thefinal discharge, ordinaril y against atmospheric pressure, and theheights of the mercury-columns should be calculated accordingly. In bothcases due allowance should be made for the head necessary to overcomethe friction of liquids [iowing through the pipes. The less excess thereis in thel height of mercurycolumns over that necessary the moreeconomical in power will be the apparatus.

In Fig. 8 the chambers C C' D D', connecting-pipes E E', and mercuryreciprocating through these pipes, the outlet-valves J J', inlet-valvesJ2 J of chambers G C', and common suclionpipe H, all perform the samefunctions. respectively, as the similar partsin Fig. 2. The forcing-pipeFin this figure leads into an induction-chamber, P, which is common tothe two chambers D D', and which contains two induction valves, Q, Q',that are so connected by a lever, R, that the closing of one insures theopening of the other. From the ends of this lever are suspended rods SS', which extend into the chambersD D', as shown, and to these rods theinduction-valves Q, Q' are attached. Sliding on the rods S S' are roundiron floats T T', supported by the mercury, and which are of such a sizeas to fit at the proper times into the lower parts of the chambers D D',respectively, in the manner of a piston in a cylinder, although the fitneed not be a tight one. Nuts or collars U U' limit the downwardmovements of the floats upon these rods. Chambers V V are intermediatebetween the induction chamber I and the chambers D D', and in thepartition between the chambers V V and D D' are holes 3/ y', which formshort cylinders, in which slide small pistons w w', and these pistonsare capable of moving entirely out of their cylinders or holes, so thatthe holes may at proper times form open communication between thechambers V V and D D'. Eduction-valves m x',

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opening inwardly as to the chambers D D', open communication at propertimes from these chambers D D to the common dischargepipe G. The pistonsw fw and valves x x may either form one piece or may be in severalseparate pieces pressing against one another, so that they will all movesimultaneously. A discharge-pipe, G, from the chamber G C connects withG', and a pipe, G2, isa continuation common to both. I

The operation is as follows: Water put under high pressure by any meansis constantly fiowing into the chamber P, and, as shown in the drawings,is now entering through the valve Q and chamberl V and piston hole orcylinder y into the chamber D, and from there forcing the mercury intothe chamber G, and the water out of that chamber into the discharge-pipeG, as before described. Highpressure water is upon the valve x, andholds it to its seat, and thus the valve m is held open, so that themercury-column from C to D is free to force the water in D out throughthe discharge-pipe G', to join the water from the pipe G,and form acommon current through G2. The iiow of mercury from D into C willcontinue until the float T is arrested by the collar U, and by that timeit Will have fallen to the part of the cylinder D in which it fits as apiston. The pressure will then be upon the iioat T, and consequentlythrough the rod S upon the left-hand end of the lever R.. This end willthen be pulled downward, bringing the valve Q to its seat and liftingthe valve Ql from its seat against the pressure that was holding itdown. The valve Q will then in turn be held to its seat by the highpressure uponit. The valve Q being thus held open, the chambers P and Vwill be in communication, and the high pressure from the pipe F Will actupon the piston w and cause it to force the valve against its seat,while the piston itself will be forced out of its cylinder y.Communication will thus be established from the pipe F into the chamberD', when the reverse stroke of that just described will take place.Thus, for each volume of water that enters the apparatus by the pipe F,two Volumes will be discharged by the pipe G2, one of them beingsupplied by the pipe G, and the other by the pipe G'. To get the fulleffect of these volnmes, the mercury-columns should be high enoughrelatively to the discharging-water columns, and the passage should befree enough,

to insure Vthat the action produced by the falling of the mercury-columnshall be quite as fast or slightly faster than the action produced bythe high-pressure column of water. If the mercury-column docs its workfirst, the column of mercury .will come to a balance with thedischarge-Water column, and the action upon that side will simply restuntil the stroke reverses.

The object of reducing the size of the chambers D D at the bottom ismerely to reduce the size of the iron floats. The chambers could be madeof one diameter and the fioats T to fit them as pistons for the wholelength; or if the U U and the mercury leaves them their mere weightshould be sufficient to overbalance the pressure holding down the valvesQ Q', then there need be no fit at all between the floats and the wallsof the cylinders D D. What I claim as my invention, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is

l. In a water-elevating apparatus, the combination, with twomercury-vessels arranged one above another and a pipe leading from thebottom of the upper vessel downward to the bottom of the lower vessel,of suction and discharge pipes leading from the upper part or" the uppervessel and a pipe leading to the lower vessel, and through which watermay be supplied under pressure to force the mercury therein into theupper vessel, substantially as herein described.

V2. In a water-elevating apparatus, the com- Y bination, with pairs ofupper and lower mercury-vessels and pipes leading from the bottom of theupper vessels to the bottom of the lower vessels, of suction anddischarge 'valves communicating with the upper part oHAs. w. coornn.

Witnesses:

C. HALL, 'FREDIL HAYNEs.

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